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IRIX Base Documentation 1998 November
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IRIX 6.5.2 Base Documentation November 1998.img
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dmconvert.z
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dmconvert
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1998-10-30
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991 lines
ddddmmmmccccoooonnnnvvvveeeerrrrtttt((((1111)))) ddddmmmmccccoooonnnnvvvveeeerrrrtttt((((1111))))
NNNNAAAAMMMMEEEE
dmconvert - digital media file conversion utility
SSSSYYYYNNNNOOOOPPPPSSSSIIIISSSS
ddddmmmmccccoooonnnnvvvveeeerrrrtttt [[[[ooooppppttttiiiioooonnnnssss]]]] iiiinnnnffffiiiilllleeee1111 [[[[............ iiiinnnnffffiiiilllleeeeNNNN]]]] [[[[oooouuuuttttffffiiiilllleeee]]]]
DDDDEEEESSSSCCCCRRRRIIIIPPPPTTTTIIIIOOOONNNN
_d_m_c_o_n_v_e_r_t converts between different digital media files. Input files
are combined, converted, and written to an output file of a selected
format. _d_m_c_o_n_v_e_r_t may also be used to describe input files without
converting to an output file.
Supported files include the following audio, image, and movie formats.
The output file format is specified with the ----ffff option, and may be any of
the formats except those marked describe-only or read-only.
_F_o_r_m_a_t _D_e_s_c_r_i_p_t_i_o_n
_A_u_d_i_o aifc Audio Interchange File Format w/ compression
aiff Audio Interchange File Format
avr Audio Visual Research
bicsf Berkeley/IRCAM/CARL Sound File Format
iff Amiga IFF/8SVX
d midi Musical Instrument Digital Interface
mpeg1a MPEG-1 audio bitstream
next NeXT/Sun audio
rawaudio Raw audio data
sd2 Sound Designer II
sf2 Creative Labs SoundFont2 Compatible
smp SampleVision
voc Creative Labs VOC
wave WAVE audio
_I_m_a_g_e bmp Microsoft Windows Bit Map
cur Microsoft Windows Cursor
w eps Encapsulated PostScript
fit File Format for Image Tiling
gif Graphics Image File
hdf Hierarchical Data Format
ico Microsoft Windows Icon
icon Sun Icon and Cursor
jfif JPEG File Interchange Format
mpnt Apple Macintosh MacPaint
pbm Portable Bit Map
r pcd Kodak PhotoCD
pgm Portable Grayscale Map
pic PIXAR Picture
pict Apple Macintosh QuickDraw/PICT
pix Alias Pixel
pnm Portable Any Map
ppm Portable Pixel Map
w ps PostScript
PPPPaaaaggggeeee 1111
ddddmmmmccccoooonnnnvvvveeeerrrrtttt((((1111)))) ddddmmmmccccoooonnnnvvvveeeerrrrtttt((((1111))))
ras Sun Raster
w rawrgb Raw pixels packed as rgb
rgb SGI RGB image
rgbA SGI RGB image with generated alpha
rgba SGI RGB image with alpha
rla Wavefront Raster
rle Utah Runlength-encoded
rpbm Raw Portable Bit Map
rpgm Raw Portable Grayscale Map
rpnm Raw Portable Any Map
rppm Raw Portable Pixel Map
r soft SoftImage PIC
synu SDSC Synu
tga Truevision Targa
tiff Tagged Image File Format
viff Khoros Visualization Image File Format
x Stardent AVS X
xbm X11 Bit Map
xwd X Window Dump
_M_o_v_i_e avi AVI movie
mpeg1s MPEG-1 systems bitstream
mpeg1v MPEG-1 video bitstream
qt QuickTime
sgimv SGI movie
(d = describe-only, r = read-only, w = write-only)
At most one audio track and one video track is converted for each file.
Input QuickTime files with multiple tracks are rendered as a single
combined audio track and a single combined video track.
The audio track in the output is obtained by concatenating audio tracks
from the inputs, and likewise for the video track. Tracks to be written
out may be selected and converted with the ----pppp option.
Sequences of image files may be specified in place of regular filename
arguments by using special template strings. These template names
contain a '#' character, and are defined using the ----nnnn option.
If _d_m_c_o_n_v_e_r_t is stopped with SIGINT (<Ctrl C>), a valid output file is
written with whatever data has been processed. The signal SIGTERM also
stops the program, but causes the output to be deleted.
CCCCOOOONNNNTTTTEEEENNNNTTTTSSSS
The next six sections discuss the many features that are supported. At
the end of each section, several examples are provided to illustrate
program usage.
_O_p_t_i_o_n_s
PPPPaaaaggggeeee 2222
ddddmmmmccccoooonnnnvvvveeeerrrrtttt((((1111)))) ddddmmmmccccoooonnnnvvvveeeerrrrtttt((((1111))))
_F_i_l_e _S_u_b_o_p_t_i_o_n_s
_A_u_d_i_o _S_u_b_o_p_t_i_o_n_s
_V_i_d_e_o _S_u_b_o_p_t_i_o_n_s
_T_e_m_p_l_a_t_e _S_u_b_o_p_t_i_o_n_s
_C_o_n_v_e_r_s_i_o_n_s _w_i_t_h _C_o_s_m_o _M_o_v_i_e_s
OOOOPPPPTTTTIIIIOOOONNNNSSSS
----hhhh
Display help. No output file is generated.
----DDDD
Describe the contents of the files. No output file is generated.
----dddd
Describe files as they are converted.
----ssss
Use short format for describing files.
----llll
Use long format for describing files. Currently, this provides
additional information only for some audio files.
----qqqq
Quiet errors. Do not print error messages.
----vvvv
Verbose progress. Print percentage completed during conversion.
----ffff ffffiiiilllleeee____ffffoooorrrrmmmmaaaatttt[[[[,,,,ssssuuuubbbbooooppppttttiiiioooonnnnssss]]]]
Output file specification. _F_i_l_e__f_o_r_m_a_t may be any of the digital
media formats except those that are read-only. Some file
characteristics may be set with the _s_u_b_o_p_t_i_o_n_s described in the
File Suboptions section.
----pppp ppppaaaatttthhhh[[[[,,,,ssssuuuubbbbooooppppttttiiiioooonnnnssss]]]]
Enable the specified path to the output file. _P_a_t_h is a track type
and may be "audio" or "video". Data conversion operations on enabled
paths may be characterized by using the _s_u_b_o_p_t_i_o_n_s described in the
Audio and Video Suboptions sections.
If this option is not used, all tracks are enabled by default. If
this option is used, each track to be written out must be explicitly
enabled.
----nnnn tttteeeemmmmppppllllaaaatttteeee____nnnnaaaammmmeeee[[[[,,,,ssssuuuubbbbooooppppttttiiiioooonnnnssss]]]]
Image sequence templates. Each filename may be in the form of a
PPPPaaaaggggeeee 3333
ddddmmmmccccoooonnnnvvvveeeerrrrtttt((((1111)))) ddddmmmmccccoooonnnnvvvveeeerrrrtttt((((1111))))
template that specifies a sequence of image files. This option
defines a _t_e_m_p_l_a_t_e__n_a_m_e that may be used subsequently in place
of any of the arguments _i_n_f_i_l_e_1, ..., _i_n_f_i_l_e_N, or _o_u_t_f_i_l_e.
_t_e_m_p_l_a_t_e__n_a_m_e is a string with '#' characters designating integer
indices to be filled in. The number of '#' characters indicates
the minimum field length for each index; left padding with zeros
is performed as needed in order to meet this minimum. By default,
indices start at 0 and increment by 1 until either no more files
exist (for inputs) or no more files need to be written (for outputs).
A template may be customized using the _s_u_b_o_p_t_i_o_n_s described in the
Template Suboptions section.
If this option is not used, a filename with '#' characters is
automatically interpreted as a template if the filename does not
already exist as a regular file and, for outputs, if the selected
file format is an image format.
------------------------------------------------
**** EEEEXXXXAAAAMMMMPPPPLLLLEEEESSSS ****
------------------------------------------------
Print help information.
ddddmmmmccccoooonnnnvvvveeeerrrrtttt ----hhhh
Describe the input files.
ddddmmmmccccoooonnnnvvvveeeerrrrtttt ----DDDD ----llll iiiinnnn....aaaaiiiiffffffff iiiinnnn....rrrrggggbbbb iiiinnnn....mmmmoooovvvviiiieeee iiiinnnn....mmmmppppssss
Describe the digital media files in the current directory.
ddddmmmmccccoooonnnnvvvveeeerrrrtttt ----DDDD ----ssss ----qqqq ****
Make an MPEG-1 audio bitstream from an AIFF audio file.
ddddmmmmccccoooonnnnvvvveeeerrrrtttt ----ffff mmmmppppeeeegggg1111aaaa ----pppp aaaauuuuddddiiiioooo iiiinnnn....aaaaiiiiffffffff oooouuuutttt....mmmmppppaaaa
Make an audio/video SGI movie from an AIFF-C audio file and a
video-only SGI movie.
ddddmmmmccccoooonnnnvvvveeeerrrrtttt ----ffff ssssggggiiiimmmmvvvv ----pppp aaaauuuuddddiiiioooo ----pppp vvvviiiiddddeeeeoooo iiiinnnn....aaaaiiiiffffcccc iiiinnnn....mmmmoooovvvviiiieeee oooouuuutttt....mmmmoooovvvviiiieeee
Make a video-only QuickTime movie from an audio/video SGI movie.
ddddmmmmccccoooonnnnvvvveeeerrrrtttt ----ffff qqqqtttt ----pppp vvvviiiiddddeeeeoooo iiiinnnn....mmmmoooovvvviiiieeee oooouuuutttt....mmmmoooovvvv
Make a sequence of SGI rgb files from the video track of an SGI movie.
The output files will be named out00.rgb, out01.rgb, ...
ddddmmmmccccoooonnnnvvvveeeerrrrtttt ----ffff rrrrggggbbbb ----pppp vvvviiiiddddeeeeoooo ----nnnn oooouuuutttt########....rrrrggggbbbb iiiinnnn....mmmmoooovvvviiiieeee oooouuuutttt########....rrrrggggbbbb
Make an AIFF audio file from a NeXT file and a WAVE file. Also
describe the files and print progress information.
ddddmmmmccccoooonnnnvvvveeeerrrrtttt ----ffff aaaaiiiiffffffff ----pppp aaaauuuuddddiiiioooo ----dddd ----vvvv iiiinnnn....nnnneeeexxxxtttt iiiinnnn....wwwwaaaavvvveeee oooouuuutttt....aaaaiiiiffffffff
PPPPaaaaggggeeee 4444
ddddmmmmccccoooonnnnvvvveeeerrrrtttt((((1111)))) ddddmmmmccccoooonnnnvvvveeeerrrrtttt((((1111))))
FFFFIIIILLLLEEEE SSSSUUUUBBBBOOOOPPPPTTTTIIIIOOOONNNNSSSS
The file suboptions are specified as a comma-separated list of
_s_u_b_o_p_t=_v_a_l_u_e pairs. These provide additional information about the
output file. The available suboptions are
bbbbrrrraaaatttteeee
overall bitrate of the output file. Supported for files
that use MPEG-1, Cinepak, or Cosmo JPEG compression. For
files that contain only one track, this sets the bitrate
of that track.
lllloooooooopppp
default looping mode of the output movie during playback
("once", "loop", or "swing"). Supported for SGI movies.
iiiinnnntttteeeerrrrlllleeeeaaaavvvveeee
granularity in seconds of audio and video interleaving.
For example, to write audio and video in alternating chunks
of duration 0.5 seconds each, use an interleave value of 0.5.
Supported for SGI/QuickTime movies.
ppppaaaarrrraaaammmmffffiiiilllleeee
parameter file for customizing outputs. Supported for MPEG-1
audio, video, and systems bitstreams. For an example, see
/usr/lib/dmconvert/mpeg1.par.
------------------------------------------------
**** EEEEXXXXAAAAMMMMPPPPLLLLEEEESSSS ****
------------------------------------------------
Make an MPEG-1 video bitstream at 1.5 Mbps.
ddddmmmmccccoooonnnnvvvveeeerrrrtttt ----ffff mmmmppppeeeegggg1111vvvv,,,,bbbbrrrraaaatttteeee====1111555500000000000000000000 iiiinnnn....mmmmoooovvvviiiieeee oooouuuutttt....mmmmppppvvvv
Make an SGI movie with a specific looping mode and interleave.
ddddmmmmccccoooonnnnvvvveeeerrrrtttt ----ffff ssssggggiiiimmmmvvvv,,,,lllloooooooopppp====sssswwwwiiiinnnngggg,,,,iiiinnnntttteeeerrrrlllleeeeaaaavvvveeee====0000....1111 iiiinnnn....mmmmoooovvvviiiieeee oooouuuutttt....mmmmoooovvvviiiieeee
Make an MPEG-1 systems bitstream using a parameter customization file.
ddddmmmmccccoooonnnnvvvveeeerrrrtttt ----ffff mmmmppppeeeegggg1111ssss,,,,ppppaaaarrrraaaammmmffffiiiilllleeee====mmmmppppeeeegggg1111....ppppaaaarrrr iiiinnnn....mmmmoooovvvviiiieeee oooouuuutttt....mmmmppppssss
AAAAUUUUDDDDIIIIOOOO SSSSUUUUBBBBOOOOPPPPTTTTIIIIOOOONNNNSSSS
The audio suboptions are specified as a comma-separated list of
_s_u_b_o_p_t=_v_a_l_u_e pairs. These are used to configure the processing of audio
data from input to output. Processing consists of a pipeline of
individual conversion operations. Suboptions may be specified in any
order, but the actual order of operations is given by
rate->channels->pcmmap/format/width->compression
The available suboptions are
rrrraaaatttteeee
PPPPaaaaggggeeee 5555
ddddmmmmccccoooonnnnvvvveeeerrrrtttt((((1111)))) ddddmmmmccccoooonnnnvvvveeeerrrrtttt((((1111))))
frame rate of the output audio track. If the input track
has a different rate, automatic rate conversion is performed.
For conversions between the standard rates, 8000, 11025, 16000,
22050, 32000, 44100, and 48000 Hz, high quality filters are used.
For conversions with other rates, simple algorithms of lower
quality are used.
In the special case of converting from 8012.8210513 Hz audio
(common in NeXT files) to a rate other than 8000 Hz, the input
samples are automatically interpreted as 8000 Hz so that the
high quality filters are used. To avoid this small pitch shift,
first convert to an 8000 Hz sound track (the simple algorithm
should be acceptable), then to the desired rate.
ssssttttooooppppaaaatttttttteeeennnn
stopband attenuation of the rate conversion filter (78.0, 96.0,
or 120.0 dB); applies only to conversions between the standard
rates. Higher values produce better quality but require more
computation.
ttttrrrraaaannnnsssswwww
transition bandwidth of the rate conversion filter (1.0, 10.0,
or 20.0 percent); applies only to conversions between the stand-
ard rates. Lower values produce better quality but require more
computation.
cccchhhhaaaannnn
number of channels in the output audio track (1, 2, or 4).
ppppccccmmmmmmmmaaaapppp
PCM mapping of the output audio track. Value may take the form
"slope/intercept/minclip/maxclip" or just "slope", which is
equivalent to "slope/0/0/0". This maps output sample
values to the range [intercept-slope,intercept+slope]. If
minclip<maxclip, clipping to these limits is performed as well.
ffffoooorrrrmmmmaaaatttt
sample format in the output audio track ("2scomp", "unsigned",
"float", or "double").
wwwwiiiiddddtttthhhh
sample width in the output audio track (1-32 bits). Not
relevant for float or double sample formats.
ccccoooommmmpppp
compression scheme to apply to the output audio track ("none",
"g711a", "g711u", "g722", "g726", "g728", "gsm", "dvi", "mpeg1",
or "multirate"). Supported for AIFF-C, NeXT/Sun, VOC, and WAVE
files. Not every compression scheme is supported by each of
these.
bbbbrrrraaaatttteeee
PPPPaaaaggggeeee 6666
ddddmmmmccccoooonnnnvvvveeeerrrrtttt((((1111)))) ddddmmmmccccoooonnnnvvvveeeerrrrtttt((((1111))))
bitrate to use for the output audio track. Supported for
MPEG-1 compression. If the output file has only one track
and the file bitrate suboption is also specified, the file
bitrate takes precedence.
llllaaaayyyyeeeerrrr
encoding layer to use for MPEG-1 compression (1, 2).
cccchhhhaaaannnnmmmmooooddddeeee
channel mode to use for MPEG-1 or Multirate compression
("stereo", "joint", or "dual"). Related channels should be
encoded as "stereo" or "joint". The latter exploits inter-
channel redundancy for better compression. Independent
channels should be encoded as "dual".
bbbbrrrraaaatttteeeeppppoooollll
bitrate policy to use for MPEG-1 or Multirate compression
("fixed", "constqual", or "lossless"). MPEG-1 encoding may
operate at either a fixed bitrate or constant quality.
Multirate encoding may operate at either constant quality
or in lossless mode.
nnnnmmmmrrrr
noise-to-mask-ratio to use for constant quality MPEG-1
compression (-13.0 to 13.0 dB). Zero yields a theoretically
imperceptible noise level. Positive values provide more
compression but more noise, and negative values, vice versa.
bbbbyyyytttteeeeoooorrrrdddd
byte ordering of the output audio track ("big" or "little"
endian). Supported for uncompressed raw audio output.
The following suboptions describe the input.
iiiinnnnrrrraaaawwww
indicates whether the input files consist of raw audio data
("true" or "false"). If true, no other input file formats
are recognized.
iiiinnnnddddaaaattttaaaaooooffffffff,,,,iiiinnnnffffrrrraaaammmmeeeeccccnnnntttt
the data offset in bytes from the beginning of file, and the
total number of audio frames. Relevant only for raw audio
inputs.
iiiinnnnrrrraaaatttteeee,,,,iiiinnnncccchhhhaaaannnn,,,,iiiinnnnffffoooorrrrmmmmaaaatttt,,,,iiiinnnnwwwwiiiiddddtttthhhh,,,,iiiinnnnccccoooommmmpppp,,,,iiiinnnnbbbbyyyytttteeeeoooorrrrdddd
frame rate, channels, sample format, sample width, compression,
and byte ordering of the input. Relevant only for raw audio
inputs.
iiiinnnnppppccccmmmmmmmmaaaapppp
the PCM mapping that describes the input sample range. Value
is given in the same form as the output PCM mapping. Input
PPPPaaaaggggeeee 7777
ddddmmmmccccoooonnnnvvvveeeerrrrtttt((((1111)))) ddddmmmmccccoooonnnnvvvveeeerrrrtttt((((1111))))
clipping will be performed before main conversions such as
frame rate, channels, etc.
------------------------------------------------
**** EEEEXXXXAAAAMMMMPPPPLLLLEEEESSSS ****
------------------------------------------------
Make a 32 KHz AIFF file from an 8KHz input using the highest quality
rate conversion.
ddddmmmmccccoooonnnnvvvveeeerrrrtttt ----ffff aaaaiiiiffffffff ----pppp aaaauuuuddddiiiioooo,,,,rrrraaaatttteeee====33332222000000000000,,,,ssssttttooooppppaaaatttttttteeeennnn====111122220000....0000,,,,ttttrrrraaaannnnsssswwww====1111....0000
iiiinnnn....aaaaiiiiffffffff oooouuuutttt....aaaaiiiiffffffff
Make a two-channel AIFF file from a mono input.
ddddmmmmccccoooonnnnvvvveeeerrrrtttt ----ffff aaaaiiiiffffffff ----pppp aaaauuuuddddiiiioooo,,,,cccchhhhaaaannnn====2222 iiiinnnn....aaaaiiiiffffffff oooouuuutttt....aaaaiiiiffffffff
Make a NeXT file that has float samples. Scale the samples to the range
[-5.0,5.0] and also clip values less than -4.5 and greater than 4.5.
ddddmmmmccccoooonnnnvvvveeeerrrrtttt ----ffff nnnneeeexxxxtttt ----pppp aaaauuuuddddiiiioooo,,,,ffffoooorrrrmmmmaaaatttt====ffffllllooooaaaatttt,,,,ppppccccmmmmmmmmaaaapppp====5555....0000////0000....0000////----4444....5555////4444....5555
iiiinnnn....aaaaiiiiffffffff oooouuuutttt....nnnneeeexxxxtttt
Make an AIFF file that has 8-bit twos-complement samples.
ddddmmmmccccoooonnnnvvvveeeerrrrtttt ----ffff aaaaiiiiffffffff ----pppp aaaauuuuddddiiiioooo,,,,ffffoooorrrrmmmmaaaatttt====2222ssssccccoooommmmpppp,,,,wwwwiiiiddddtttthhhh====8888 iiiinnnn....aaaaiiiiffffffff oooouuuutttt....aaaaiiiiffffffff
Make an AIFF-C file that uses Layer II MPEG-1 compression at 192 Kbps,
with the channels encoded under "joint" mode.
ddddmmmmccccoooonnnnvvvveeeerrrrtttt ----ffff aaaaiiiiffffcccc ----pppp aaaauuuuddddiiiioooo,,,,ccccoooommmmpppp====mmmmppppeeeegggg1111,,,,bbbbrrrraaaatttteeee====111199992222000000000000,,,,llllaaaayyyyeeeerrrr====2222,,,,cccchhhhaaaannnnmmmmooooddddeeee====jjjjooooiiiinnnntttt
iiiinnnn....aaaaiiiiffffffff oooouuuutttt....aaaaiiiiffffcccc
Make an AIFF-C MPEG-1 file using constant quality encoding and a low
noise-to-mask ratio.
ddddmmmmccccoooonnnnvvvveeeerrrrtttt ----ffff aaaaiiiiffffcccc ----pppp aaaauuuuddddiiiioooo,,,,ccccoooommmmpppp====mmmmppppeeeegggg1111,,,,bbbbrrrraaaatttteeeeppppoooollll====ccccoooonnnnssssttttqqqquuuuaaaallll,,,,nnnnmmmmrrrr====----11110000....0000
iiiinnnn....aaaaiiiiffffffff oooouuuutttt....aaaaiiiiffffcccc
Make a file of raw audio samples that are written as little-endian.
ddddmmmmccccoooonnnnvvvveeeerrrrtttt ----ffff rrrraaaawwwwaaaauuuuddddiiiioooo ----pppp aaaauuuuddddiiiioooo,,,,ffffoooorrrrmmmmaaaatttt====2222ssssccccoooommmmpppp,,,,wwwwiiiiddddtttthhhh====11116666,,,,bbbbyyyytttteeeeoooorrrrdddd====lllliiiittttttttlllleeee
iiiinnnn....aaaaiiiiffffffff oooouuuutttt....rrrraaaawwww
Make a WAVE audio file from raw input samples. The samples are extracted
from the middle of the input file, and their characteristics are fully
described.
ddddmmmmccccoooonnnnvvvveeeerrrrtttt ----ffff wwwwaaaavvvveeee ----pppp aaaauuuuddddiiiioooo,,,,iiiinnnnrrrraaaawwww====ttttrrrruuuueeee,,,,iiiinnnnddddaaaattttaaaaooooffffffff====111100000000,,,,iiiinnnnffffrrrraaaammmmeeeeccccnnnntttt====4444000000000000,,,,
iiiinnnnrrrraaaatttteeee====44444444111100000000,,,,iiiinnnncccchhhhaaaannnn====2222,,,,iiiinnnnffffoooorrrrmmmmaaaatttt====2222ssssccccoooommmmpppp,,,,iiiinnnnwwwwiiiiddddtttthhhh====11116666,,,,iiiinnnnccccoooommmmpppp====nnnnoooonnnneeee,,,,
iiiinnnnbbbbyyyytttteeeeoooorrrrdddd====bbbbiiiigggg,,,,iiiinnnnppppccccmmmmmmmmaaaapppp====33330000000000000000 iiiinnnn....rrrraaaawwww oooouuuutttt....wwwwaaaavvvveeee
VVVVIIIIDDDDEEEEOOOO SSSSUUUUBBBBOOOOPPPPTTTTIIIIOOOONNNNSSSS
The video suboptions are specified as a comma-separated list of
_s_u_b_o_p_t=_v_a_l_u_e pairs. These are used to configure the processing of video
data from input to output. Processing consists of a pipeline of
individual conversion operations. Suboptions may be specified in any
PPPPaaaaggggeeee 8888
ddddmmmmccccoooonnnnvvvveeeerrrrtttt((((1111)))) ddddmmmmccccoooonnnnvvvveeeerrrrtttt((((1111))))
order, but the actual order of operations is given by
rate->interlace->layout/orientation->crop->filter->size->compression
The available suboptions are
rrrraaaatttteeee
frame rate of the output video track. If the input track has a
different rate, automatic rate conversion is performed.
rrrraaaatttteeeeccccvvvvtttt
type of rate conversion to use ("rptdrp" or "inv32"). Repeat-drop
is the simpler scheme. Inverse 3:2 pulldown may be used to convert
30 to 24 fps, or 29.97 to 23.976 fps.
iiiillll
interlacing of the output video track. May be "none" (non-
interlaced), "even" (even lines temporally first), or "odd"
(odd lines temporally first).
iiiillllccccvvvvtttt
type of interlace conversion to use. Supported types are
"pn_interfield" (odd/even parity to non-interlaced)
A non-linear filter is applied between the fields for
high quality de-interlacing.
"pn_combine" (odd/even parity to non-interlaced)
The fields are temporally combined without modification.
"np_separate" (non-interlaced to odd/even parity)
The fields are temporally separated without modification.
"pp_swap" (odd to even parity, or vice versa)
The fields are temporally swapped without modification.
ffffllll
frame layout of the output video track. May be "full" (full
frame) or "split" (split fields). The frame layout indicates
how video lines are stored, and is not the same as interlacing,
which indicates how the lines are temporally sampled. For
example, interlaced video may be stored as full frames or split
fields, whereas non-interlaced video is usually stored as full
frames only.
This suboption is supported for image files. For SGI movies,
the frame layout is currently restricted to split fields for
interlaced data and full frames for non-interlaced data, so the
interlacing suboption also serves to specify the output frame
layout.
oooorrrr
PPPPaaaaggggeeee 9999
ddddmmmmccccoooonnnnvvvveeeerrrrtttt((((1111)))) ddddmmmmccccoooonnnnvvvveeeerrrrtttt((((1111))))
orientation of images in output video track. May be "b2t"
(bottom-to-top) or "t2b" (top-to-bottom). Supported for making
SGI movies.
ccccrrrrooooppppllll,,,,ccccrrrroooopppprrrr,,,,ccccrrrroooopppptttt,,,,ccccrrrrooooppppbbbb
number of pixels to crop from left, right, top, and bottom
borders of input images. For interlaced material, top and
bottom cropping should be even numbers.
ffffiiiilllltttt
filter to apply during conversion. The following values
are recognized.
"vblur"
blur images with vertical 1-2-1 convolution, where the
center tap corresponds to the field opposite to that of
the outer taps. Useful for reducing flicker if output
images are played back through video. Supported for
making image files and SGI/QuickTime movies.
"soft", "softmax"
soften images with normal or maximum settings. Useful
as a preprocessing step before compression. Supported
for MPEG-1 movies.
ssssxxxx,,,,ssssyyyy,,,,ssssiiiizzzzeeee
size of output image in pixels. Supported for making image
files and movies. ssssxxxx and ssssyyyy are used to specify individual
dimensions. ssssiiiizzzzeeee is used to specify both dimensions, where
the value is expressed as WxH (e.g. 640x480) or one of the
strings "orig" or "sif". For interlaced material, the height
should be an even number.
llllbbbbooooxxxx
letterboxing flag ("true" or "false"). If false, the input
images are scaled as needed to fill the output size, which
may require different scale factors in each dimension. If
true, a common scale factor is used and any remaining space
is filled with black. Supported for making image files and
SGI/QuickTime movies.
ccccoooommmmpppp
compression scheme to apply to the output video track ("none",
"jpeg", "mvc1", "mvc2", "qt_anim", "qt_video", "qt_cvid",
"qt_mjpega", "rle", or "rle24"). The Compact Video scheme,
"qt_cvid", is also known as Cinepak. The "qt_mjpega" represents
Quicktime's Motion JPEG Format A. Supported for SGI/QuickTime
movies. SGI movies cannot use scheme's with the "qt_" prefix.
eeeennnnggggiiiinnnneeee
engine used during the conversion ("cosmo" or "sw"). Supported for
JPEG compression or decompression.
PPPPaaaaggggeeee 11110000
ddddmmmmccccoooonnnnvvvveeeerrrrtttt((((1111)))) ddddmmmmccccoooonnnnvvvveeeerrrrtttt((((1111))))
bbbbrrrraaaatttteeee
bitrate to use for the output video track. Supported for MPEG-1,
Cinepak, and Cosmo JPEG compression. If the output file has only
one track and the file bitrate suboption is also specified, the
file bitrate takes precedence.
ssssqqqquuuuaaaallll
spatial quality factor used in compression (0.0 - 1.0). Supported
for SGI/QuickTime movies. This is useful for setting the spatial
quality of video tracks compressed with JPEG or a QuickTime scheme.
ttttqqqquuuuaaaallll
temporal quality factor used in compression (0.0 - 1.0). Supported
for QuickTime movies. This is useful for setting the temporal
quality of tracks compressed with a QuickTime scheme.
kkkkddddiiiisssstttt
distance between key frames. Supported for QuickTime and MPEG-1
video compression schemes. For MPEG-1 this is equivalent to the
N parameter, which gives the distance between I frames.
rrrrddddiiiisssstttt
distance between reference frames. Supported for MPEG-1 video
compression. This is equivalent to the M parameter, which gives
the distance between I or P frames. For example, the pattern
IBBPBBI (M=3,N=6), would be specified by rdist=3 and kdist=6.
The following suboptions describe the input, and are useful for adding
information about image files.
iiiinnnnrrrraaaatttteeee,,,,iiiinnnniiiillll,,,,iiiinnnnffffllll
frame rate, interlacing, and frame layout of input images.
iiiinnnnppppiiiixxxxaaaasssspppp
pixel aspect ratio of input images. This is a float defined as
the vertical extent of a pixel divided by its horizontal extent.
It may also be specified as one of the following strings - "sq"
(square pixels), "c525" (CCIR601 525), or "c625" (CCIR601 625).
Used in making SGI movies or MPEG-1 movies.
------------------------------------------------
**** EEEEXXXXAAAAMMMMPPPPLLLLEEEESSSS ****
------------------------------------------------
Make a 23.976 fps MPEG-1 video bitstream from a 29.97 fps SGI movie
using inverse 3:2 pulldown.
ddddmmmmccccoooonnnnvvvveeeerrrrtttt ----ffff mmmmppppeeeegggg1111vvvv ----pppp vvvviiiiddddeeeeoooo,,,,rrrraaaatttteeee====22223333....999977776666,,,,rrrraaaatttteeeeccccvvvvtttt====iiiinnnnvvvv33332222 iiiinnnn....mmmmoooovvvviiiieeee oooouuuutttt....mmmmppppvvvv
Make a non-interlaced SGI movie from an even-interlaced SGI movie
using interfield filtering.
ddddmmmmccccoooonnnnvvvveeeerrrrtttt ----ffff ssssggggiiiimmmmvvvv ----pppp vvvviiiiddddeeeeoooo,,,,iiiillll====nnnnoooonnnneeee,,,,iiiillllccccvvvvtttt====ppppnnnn____iiiinnnntttteeeerrrrffffiiiieeeelllldddd iiiinnnn....mmmmoooovvvviiiieeee oooouuuutttt....mmmmoooovvvviiiieeee
PPPPaaaaggggeeee 11111111
ddddmmmmccccoooonnnnvvvveeeerrrrtttt((((1111)))) ddddmmmmccccoooonnnnvvvveeeerrrrtttt((((1111))))
Make a sequence of split field image files, out0.rgb, out1.rgb, ...,
from an odd-interlaced SGI movie.
ddddmmmmccccoooonnnnvvvveeeerrrrtttt ----ffff rrrrggggbbbb ----pppp vvvviiiiddddeeeeoooo,,,,ffffllll====sssspppplllliiiitttt ----nnnn oooouuuutttt####....rrrrggggbbbb iiiinnnn....mmmmoooovvvviiiieeee oooouuuutttt####....rrrrggggbbbb
Make a top-to-bottom SGI movie.
ddddmmmmccccoooonnnnvvvveeeerrrrtttt ----ffff ssssggggiiiimmmmvvvv ----pppp vvvviiiiddddeeeeoooo,,,,oooorrrr====tttt2222bbbb iiiinnnn....mmmmoooovvvviiiieeee oooouuuutttt....mmmmoooovvvviiiieeee
Make an SGI movie by cropping, blurring, and resizing the input video.
Use letterboxing during the resize.
ddddmmmmccccoooonnnnvvvveeeerrrrtttt ----ffff ssssggggiiiimmmmvvvv ----pppp vvvviiiiddddeeeeoooo,,,,ccccrrrrooooppppllll====11110000,,,,ccccrrrroooopppprrrr====11110000,,,,ffffiiiilllltttt====vvvvbbbblllluuuurrrr,,,,ssssiiiizzzzeeee====333322220000xxxx222244440000,,,,
llllbbbbooooxxxx====ttttrrrruuuueeee iiiinnnn....mmmmoooovvvviiiieeee oooouuuutttt....mmmmoooovvvviiiieeee
Make an SGI movie with JPEG video at 10.0 Mbps, and use Cosmo to assist
in the compression.
ddddmmmmccccoooonnnnvvvveeeerrrrtttt ----ffff ssssggggiiiimmmmvvvv ----pppp vvvviiiiddddeeeeoooo,,,,ccccoooommmmpppp====jjjjppppeeeegggg,,,,eeeennnnggggiiiinnnneeee====ccccoooossssmmmmoooo,,,,bbbbrrrraaaatttteeee====11110000000000000000000000000000
iiiinnnn....mmmmoooovvvviiiieeee oooouuuutttt....mmmmoooovvvviiiieeee
Make a QuickTime Cinepak movie at specific spatial and temporal qualities.
ddddmmmmccccoooonnnnvvvveeeerrrrtttt ----ffff qqqqtttt ----pppp vvvviiiiddddeeeeoooo,,,,ccccoooommmmpppp====qqqqtttt____ccccvvvviiiidddd,,,,ssssqqqquuuuaaaallll====0000....9999,,,,ttttqqqquuuuaaaallll====0000....5555 iiiinnnn....mmmmoooovvvviiiieeee oooouuuutttt....mmmmoooovvvv
Make a QuickTime Motion JPEG Format A movie which has odd interlaced
fields. This is a good format for cross-platform field based movies.
ddddmmmmccccoooonnnnvvvveeeerrrrtttt ----ffff qqqqtttt ----pppp aaaauuuuddddiiiioooo ----pppp vvvviiiiddddeeeeoooo,,,,ccccoooommmmpppp====qqqqtttt____mmmmjjjjppppeeeeggggaaaa,,,,iiiillll====oooodddddddd mmmmoooovvvviiiieeee oooouuuutttt....mmmmoooovvvv
Make an MPEG-1 systems bitstream with a video frame pattern IBBPBBI.
The audio track is also written out.
ddddmmmmccccoooonnnnvvvveeeerrrrtttt ----ffff mmmmppppeeeegggg1111ssss ----pppp aaaauuuuddddiiiioooo ----pppp vvvviiiiddddeeeeoooo,,,,kkkkddddiiiisssstttt====6666,,,,rrrrddddiiiisssstttt====3333 iiiinnnn....mmmmoooovvvviiiieeee oooouuuutttt....mmmmppppssss
Make an MPEG-1 video bitstream from the input image files in0.rgb,
in1.rgb, ..., and provide information about the input data.
ddddmmmmccccoooonnnnvvvveeeerrrrtttt ----ffff mmmmppppeeeegggg1111vvvv ----pppp vvvviiiiddddeeeeoooo,,,,iiiinnnnrrrraaaatttteeee====11115555....0000,,,,iiiinnnniiiillll====eeeevvvveeeennnn,,,,iiiinnnnffffllll====sssspppplllliiiitttt,,,,
iiiinnnnppppiiiixxxxaaaasssspppp====cccc555522225555 ----nnnn iiiinnnn####....rrrrggggbbbb iiiinnnn####....rrrrggggbbbb oooouuuutttt....mmmmppppvvvv
TTTTEEEEMMMMPPPPLLLLAAAATTTTEEEE SSSSUUUUBBBBOOOOPPPPTTTTIIIIOOOONNNNSSSS
The template suboptions are specified as a comma-separated list of
_s_u_b_o_p_t=_v_a_l_u_e pairs. These customize how the template name is expanded
when it is used in place of a regular filename.
The available suboptions are
ssssttttaaaarrrrtttt
starting index for the sequence of image files.
eeeennnndddd
ending index for the sequence of image files.
sssstttteeeepppp
increment to apply to the construction of indices.
------------------------------------------------
**** EEEEXXXXAAAAMMMMPPPPLLLLEEEESSSS ****
PPPPaaaaggggeeee 11112222
ddddmmmmccccoooonnnnvvvveeeerrrrtttt((((1111)))) ddddmmmmccccoooonnnnvvvveeeerrrrtttt((((1111))))
------------------------------------------------
Make an SGI movie from the images in.rgb.9, in.rgb.10, and in.rgb.11.
ddddmmmmccccoooonnnnvvvveeeerrrrtttt ----ffff ssssggggiiiimmmmvvvv ----nnnn iiiinnnn....rrrrggggbbbb....####,,,,ssssttttaaaarrrrtttt====9999,,,,eeeennnndddd====11111111,,,,sssstttteeeepppp====1111 ----pppp vvvviiiiddddeeeeoooo
iiiinnnn....rrrrggggbbbb....#### oooouuuutttt....mmmmoooovvvviiiieeee
Make a sequence of ten SGI images from an input movie, and name them
out01.rgb, out03.rgb, out05.rgb, ..., out19.rgb.
ddddmmmmccccoooonnnnvvvveeeerrrrtttt ----ffff rrrrggggbbbb ----nnnn oooouuuutttt########....rrrrggggbbbb,,,,ssssttttaaaarrrrtttt====1111,,,,eeeennnndddd====11119999,,,,sssstttteeeepppp====2222 ----pppp vvvviiiiddddeeeeoooo
iiiinnnn....mmmmoooovvvviiiieeee oooouuuutttt########....rrrrggggbbbb
CCCCOOOONNNNVVVVEEEERRRRSSSSIIIIOOOONNNNSSSS WWWWIIIITTTTHHHH CCCCOOOOSSSSMMMMOOOO MMMMOOOOVVVVIIIIEEEESSSS
_d_m_c_o_n_v_e_r_t may be used to convert from movies recorded with the Cosmo
Compress option board (ccccllll____ccccoooossssmmmmoooo((((3333ddddmmmm))))), or to produce movies that are
playable by Cosmo.
Cosmo movies are just SGI movies with particular video characteristics.
No special treatment is necessary to use these movies as input files, but
certain settings are required for creating movies playable by Cosmo. The
output video track should be constructed with comp=jpeg and or=t2b.
Further, the dimensions, interlacing, and frame rate should match one of
the following modes.
width height interlacing frame rate
----- ------ ----------- ----------
NTSC 640 480 or 496 odd 29.97
CCIR601-525 720 480 or 496 odd 29.97
PAL 768 576 even 25
CCIR601-625 720 576 even 25
Half-widths and half-heights are also accepted in each mode.
------------------------------------------------
**** EEEEXXXXAAAAMMMMPPPPLLLLEEEESSSS ****
------------------------------------------------
Make an MPEG-1 movie from a Cosmo movie.
ddddmmmmccccoooonnnnvvvveeeerrrrtttt ----vvvvffff mmmmppppeeeegggg1111ssss ----pppp aaaauuuuddddiiiioooo ----pppp vvvviiiiddddeeeeoooo,,,,ssssxxxx====333322220000,,,,ssssyyyy====222244440000 ccccoooossssmmmmoooo....mmmmoooovvvviiiieeee oooouuuutttt....mmmmppppssss
Make a QuickTime Cinepak movie from a Cosmo movie.
ddddmmmmccccoooonnnnvvvveeeerrrrtttt ----vvvvffff qqqqtttt ----pppp aaaauuuuddddiiiioooo ----pppp vvvviiiiddddeeeeoooo,,,,ccccoooommmmpppp====qqqqtttt____ccccvvvviiiidddd,,,,ssssxxxx====333322220000,,,,ssssyyyy====222244440000,,,,rrrraaaatttteeee====11115555....0000
ccccoooossssmmmmoooo....mmmmoooovvvviiiieeee oooouuuutttt....mmmmoooovvvv
Make a Cosmo movie from another SGI movie.
ddddmmmmccccoooonnnnvvvveeeerrrrtttt ----vvvvffff ssssggggiiiimmmmvvvv ----pppp aaaauuuuddddiiiioooo ----pppp vvvviiiiddddeeeeoooo,,,,ccccoooommmmpppp====jjjjppppeeeegggg,,,,oooorrrr====tttt2222bbbb,,,,ssssxxxx====666644440000,,,,ssssyyyy====444488880000,,,,
iiiillll====oooodddddddd,,,,rrrraaaatttteeee====22229999....99997777 iiiinnnn....mmmmoooovvvviiiieeee ccccoooossssmmmmoooo....mmmmoooovvvviiiieeee
PPPPaaaaggggeeee 11113333
ddddmmmmccccoooonnnnvvvveeeerrrrtttt((((1111)))) ddddmmmmccccoooonnnnvvvveeeerrrrtttt((((1111))))
NOTES
In order for some image files to be recognized, the filename should have
an extension that matches the file format. For example, if a Targa file
"foo" is not recognized, then rename it as "foo.tga".
MacPaint image files are always written as 576x720.
Alpha channel is supported only for SGI images and SoftImage PIC files.
The "rgbA" output file format computes alpha based on pixel luminance.
Some command-line syntax changes have been made since previous releases.
o the "sgirgb" file format is still supported, but the new
equivalent is "rgba".
o the "-p all" option should no longer be used. This
functionality is available from the "-f file_format",
"-p audio", and "-p video" options.
o the MPEG-1 "file" suboption is now called "paramfile".
MMMMPPPPEEEEGGGG CCCCAAAAVVVVEEEEAAAATTTTSSSS
When converting to MPEG-1 systems streams, conversion of large amounts of
data (typically over 1 GB) stops with the following message:
dmconvert: SGI Compression Library error. mux: buffer underflow; use
higher systems bitrate
Increasing the systems bitrate may or may not cause the problem to go
away. If possible, breaking up the data into chunks and encoding them
separately should work.
AAAAUUUUTTTTHHHHOOOORRRR
Silicon Graphics Computer Systems. Portions developed at the San Diego
Supercomputer Center.
_d_m_c_o_n_v_e_r_t uses the SGI Audio File, Compression, ImageVision, and Movie
Libraries to access digital media data.
Many of the image file formats are supported through the San Diego
Supercomputer Center's image library (libim, libsdsc). This library is
available from anonymous ftp at sdsc.edu in the
/pub/sdsc/graphics/imtools/ directory. For more information, contact
info@sdsc.edu.
FFFFIIIILLLLEEEESSSS
/usr/lib/dmconvert/mpeg1.par -- sample mpeg1 parameter file
PPPPaaaaggggeeee 11114444
ddddmmmmccccoooonnnnvvvveeeerrrrtttt((((1111)))) ddddmmmmccccoooonnnnvvvveeeerrrrtttt((((1111))))
SSSSEEEEEEEE AAAALLLLSSSSOOOO
dminfo(1), dmplay(1), dmrecord(1),
soundplayer(1), soundeditor(1),
imgcopy(1), imginfo(1), imgview(1), imgworks(1),
mediaconvert(1), movieplayer(1), capture(1), moviemaker(1),
AFintro(3dm), CLintro(3dm), cl_cosmo(3dm), IL(3il), mvIntro(3dm), mpeg(4)
PPPPaaaaggggeeee 11115555